Ten million newborns worldwide each year need resuscitation assistance. More than one million babies die annually from complications of birth asphyxia. (Respiratory Care 2003;48 (3):288-294 Neonatal Resuscitation Wiswell, Thomas MD) Neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD) is the major long-term pulmonary complication of preterm birth affecting about 20% of infants who need respiratory assistance. (Treatments in Respiratory Medicine. 4(5):347-359, 2005. Sweet, David G 1 2; Halliday, Henry). Initially, barotrauma was seen as being of major importance… however, increasing evidence has suggested that excessive volume, leading to overexpansion (volutrauma) and inadequate volume, leading to underexpansion/collapse, are more important aetiologically. (Volume-targeted ventilation in the neoanate: time to change? A Grover Neonatal Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK, D Field Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.)